Germany

1. Population and Percentage of Women over the age of 50

Total population: 82,037,011

of which
total women: 42,032,869
total men: 40,004,142
Population 50 and over 28,611,652 – 34.3% of the overall population
Women 50 and over 15,991,977 – 19.2% of the over population – 54.4% of the population of 50 and over

(Source: Micro census 1998, Statistisches Bundesamt)

2. Women aged 50 and over according to age groups

Status: 31.12.1998

Source: Micro census 1998, Statistisches Bundesamt

3. Women over 50 years of age according to family status

Status: 31.12.1998

Source: Micro census 1998, Statistisches Bundesamt

4. Life Expectancy of Men and Women

Average life expectancy according to mortality table

Source: Statistisches Bundesamt

5. Net Income Distribution between Men and Women over 50 Years of Age (in %)

Source: Micro census 1998, Statistisches Bundesamt

6. Employment Status according to Gender and Age Group

Women:

Men:

Source: Micro census 1998, Statistisches Bundesamt

Normal retirement age: entry at 65 with a minimum insurance period of five years.

Retirement age for long-term insured: entry at 63 with a minimum insurance duration of 35 years.

Retirement due to unemployment or gradual retirement: entry at 60 with a minimum insurance period of 15 years and eight years of compulsory contributions in the last ten years before entry to retirement. For unemployed persons who were unemployed for 52 weeks within the last 18 months before entry to retirement, or insured persons involved in a minimum 24-month gradual retirement scheme in keeping with the respective retirement law.

Retirement age for women: entry at 60 with a minimum insurance period of 15 years and more than ten years of compulsory contributions after their 40 birthday.

There are special arrangements for the seriously disabled, the occupationally disabled and persons unable to work, as well as for miners who have worked for many years underground.

Status: February 1998

In according with the law related to growth and employment promotion, as of 1.1.1997 changes have been made to the age limits, aimed at raising them all to 65.
Accordingly, as of the years 2000 to 2004 the age limit for women will be raised from 60 to 65 on a monthly basis.

Source: Presse- und Informationsdienst der Bundesregierung (ed.): Informationen zur Arbeitswelt, Bonn 1998

8. Actual Entry to Retirement According to Gender

(Source: Verband deutscher Rentenversicherungsträger, Internet vdr.de, 23.8.2000)

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1. Total Population and Women aged 50 and over (in 1000s)

Total population (in 1000s): 56,634.3 census 1990 (60,186.2 census 1999)

of which
total women: 29,080.5
total men: 27,553.8
Population 50 and over: 17,175.3 – 30% of total population
Women of 50 and over: 9,581.0 – 17% of total population – 56% of population of 50 and over

Source: INSEE, anonymous, 1992: Recensement de la population de 1990. France métropolitaine et régions ; Résultas du sondage au 1/20 (Census 1990. Metropolitan France and the regions; results of random sample 1/20).

2. Women of 50 and older according to age groups, 1990

Source: op. cit.

3. Age groups of women of 50 and over according to family status, census 1990; in 1,000s and in %

Source: op.cit.

4. Life Expectancy at birth and at 60, 1985 to 1999

Source: Roselyne Kerjosse, 2000 : Bilan démographique 1999 (Demographic Balance) in INSEE Première, no. 698, p. 2

Average life expectancy at 60 according to gender, 1985-1997; in years

Source: op. Cit.

5. Income of men and women aged 50 and over

The economic situation of older and old French people has improved continuously. The source and the amount of income people have when they retire, however, are very heterogeneous; due to the system, these vary in particular according to the pension funds and to the person's gender. Older and old women, especially when widowed, are among the least well off, as many of these women only made irregular contributions. In addition to the retirement pension based on contributions, there are other sources of retirement income both derived coverage and benefits.

Source: Alain Parent, 2000: Les revenus des retraités. In Population & Sociétés, no. 356, April 2000, p. 1

Source: Alain Parant, 2000: Les revenus des retraités. In Population & Sociétés no. 356, April 2000, p. 2, table 2

Average monthly pension income, 1997; in FF and Euro

Source: Odile Dangerfield, Danièle Prangere, 1999: Les retraités (Pensioners). In Données sociales, La Société française, INSEE, pp. 418-426

6. Employment status according to gender and age

The employment quotas decrease significantly as of the age of 50 and over, but do not vary much in the course of time.

Employment quotas of men and women aged 50 and over according to age groups, March 1997; in %

Source: INSEE Première, no. 530, June 1997, p. 4

Employment quotas of men and women aged 50 and over, March 1997, March 1998, January 1999; in %

Source: INSEE Première, no. 530, June 1997, p. 4 ; no. 658, June 1998, p. 4; no. 693, June 1999, p. 4

Unemployment quotas of men and women aged 50 and over and percentage of long-term unemployed, March 1997, March 1998, January 1999; in %

Source : op. cit.

7. Legal Retirement Age Limit for Men and Women

Men and women: 60 years, if the entitlement prerequisites for a full pension exist in terms of duration of insurance; otherwise, 65 for both men and women.

These age limits apply to the general basic pension fund for employees, i.e., for the majority of income recipients. Certain special funds have age limits that differ from those of the general basic fund (for example, the military, miners underground, certain railway employees, women who have raised at least three children).

8. Actual Retirement Age according to Gender

The actual age at entry to retirement must be distinguished from the age at which some people stop working. The latter designates the age at which the insured person definitively stops working, and today this is no longer synonymous with entry to retirement; that these two ages can differ today has to do with the fact that the definitive end of a person's working life is – in most cases, unwillingly – brought about by unemployment or early retirement.

Actual retirement age of men according to insurance fund membership, 1997, in %

Source: Odile Dangerfield, 1999 L’âge de liquidation des droits à la retraite (Entry to Retirement) in Études et Résultats, no. 22, July 1999, DREES, Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité, p. 3

Source : op. cit.

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1. Population and Percentage of Women over the age of 50

Total population: 8,078,400

of which
total women: 4,158,300
total men: 3,920,100
Population 50 and over: 2,605,800 - 32% of the overall population
Women 50 and over: 1,472,800 - 18% of the over population – 56.5% of the population of 50 and over

Source: Micro census 1998, ÖSTAT

2. Women aged 50 and over according to age groups, 1998

Source: op.cit.

3. Women over 50 years of age according to family status

Female Population according to age groups and family status, 1991

The most current data available are those dating from the year 1991.
Source: ÖSTAT – national census of 1991 (in: ÖSTAT, Statistisches Jahrbuch 1999:2000)

4. Life Expectancy of Men and Women

Life expectancy at birth according to gender, in years

Average life expectancy at 60 according to gender, in years

Source: Demographisches Jahrbuch 1998, p. 23

5. Net Income of Men and Women aged 50 and over

Net income of employed persons 1997, 51 - 60 years:

Total: 19,583 ATS/1,423 Euro
Women: 14,473 ATS/1,052 Euro
Men: 22,193 ATS/1,613 Euro

Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch 1999/2000, pp. 196

6. Employment status according to gender and age

Women

Men:

Source: Micro census 1998, ÖSTAT

7. Legal Retirement Age Limit for Men and Women

At the moment:

Men: 65
Women: 60

Needless to say, a series of special regulations exists (for example, distinctions between salaried employees and public officials). What is more, changes are under discussion or are likely to be implemented shortly.

8. Actual Entry to Retirement According to Gender

Source: Handbuch der österreichischen Sozialversicherung

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